ding2018 Mitglied
Angemeldet: 11.02.2018 Beiträge: 471
|
Verfasst am: 17.05.2018, 09:55 Titel:
Dikembe Mutombo Jersey |
|
|
|
|
CANBERRA Luca Sbisa Golden Knights Jersey , Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- A common species of Australian pigeon uses the sound of its feathers to warn of impending danger, a local study has found.
Researchers from the Australian National University (ANU) found that rather than using vocals, the crested pigeon uses a high-pitched sound produced by its main flight feathers to warn fellow pigeons of predators.
As the pigeon flaps faster to escape danger Oscar Dansk Golden Knights Jersey , the tempo of the alarm signal automatically increases.
Trevor Murray, an animal communication expert from ANU, said on Friday that the team is able to prove that other crested pigeons flee when they hear the warning Oscar Lindberg Golden Knights Jersey , proving it is used specifically as an alarm rather than a by-product of flight.
"Crested pigeons signal danger with noisy wings, not voices," Murray said in an ANU media release.
"It shows that birds really can use their feathers as 'musical instruments' to communicate with others."
In order to prove that the pigeon's whistling feather was an alarm system Cody Eakin Golden Knights Jersey , researchers used high-speed video and conducted feather-removal studies.
They found that the bird's eighth primary wing feather was responsible for the high-pitched notes with each downstroke.
It was also discovered that the ninth feather produces a low-pitched sound that it was not involved in the alarm.
Researchers played flight sounds of crested pigeons with and without their eighth feather to a flock of other pigeons.
"We show that the crested pigeon produces an acoustic alarm signal with its wings and that it is an intrinsically reliable signal of danger," Murray said.
"The alarm signal is intrinsically reliable because pigeons flap faster to escape predators, and this fast flapping automatically produces the high-tempo alarm signal."
Activity-based management can be used by managers in identifying the scope for cost reduction. One approach is to consider a ‘hierarchy’ Reilly Smith Golden Knights Jersey , which means thinking about the structure of costs at different levels, starting at the level of the units of output and moving up the organization to the level of the entire service or production facility. For each level of costs the manager asks: ‘What drives costs?’ Then the manager asks ‘How efficient is this activity and can we manage these costs more effectively?’ Customers are essential to an entity because they provide sales revenue, but there are also costs associated with gaining and retaining customers. If the drivers of customer-related costs are understood Brendan Leipsic Golden Knights Jersey , then the costs can be managed more effectively. Drivers of customer costs are:
• Location of customers. The distance and geographical spread of customers drives the cost of making contact, communication and delivering to customers.
• Supply and delivery costs. If customers order small amounts of product frequently then there will be higher costs associated with taking orders, making up delivery packages and arranging delivery.
• Sales and promotion costs (including discounts and other incentives). These will be higher if there are more potential customers or new potential markets for products. These costs will be lower if the business relies largely on established customers making repeat orders.
• Quality costs. Some customers may specify standards of quality that cause additional costs to be incurred. If the quality is not sufficiently high the customers may be lost.
• After-sales service or warranty costs. Customers may have paid additional fees for after-sales service or repairs under warranty but it is still important to control costs within that amount in order to avoid losses while offering a competitive service. If the managers of a business understand customer-driven costs they can make strategic decisions about the relative costs of different types of marketing initiatives. One strategy might be to find a small number of high-value customers and invest effort in customer retention and loyalty. An alternative strategy might be to target larger numbers of smaller-value customers and accept a higher rate of customer replacement. Each strategy drives customer-related costs in a different way.
A Technical Briefing published by the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA 2001) summarizes the activity-based management model as described by Miller (1996). It explains that ABM has grown out of the work of the Texas-based Consortium for Advanced Manufacturing-International (CAM-I). ABM thinking is not confined to manufacturing businesses because activity-based thinking can equally well apply to service businesses and not-for-profit organizations. The Technical Briefing provides a summary of the circumstances that make ABM useful. It explains that ABC becomes ABM when it is used to:
• design products and services that meet or exceed customers’ expectations Colin Miller Golden Knights Jersey , while making a profit;
• indicate that improvements in quality, efficiency and speed are needed;
• guide decisions on product mix or investment;
• choose among alternative suppliers;
• choose methods of targeting markets and customers, and of providing delivery or service to customers;
• Improve the value of the organization’s products or services.
Can the 2011 Dodge Grand Caravan impress the judges? Initially glance the Grand Caravan for 2011 may possibly appear like an additional plain-Jane minivan-style family members conveyance. Still Deryk Engelland Golden Knights Jersey , it’s not only auto show judges but, far more significantly, prospects from every walk of life who’re duly impressed as soon as they take a closer inspection at this reliable Authentic Alex Tuch Jersey , however comfortable and potent, mini-van.
It was the very first Dodge Caravan that made the entire mini-van idea back within the 1984 model year. Currently, using th. Baseball Jerseys From China Cheap Authentic Jerseys Authentic NFL Jerseys From China Authentic Soccer Jerseys China Custom NHL Jerseys From China Cheap Houston Astros Jerseys Cheap Los Angeles Angels Jerseys Wholesale Cubs Jerseys Wholesale Indians Jerseys Wholesale St. Louis Cardinals Jerseys |
|